Call for Papers: Refugees and the End of Empire

One of the most negative legacies of the twentieth century was the development of the refugee, a person who emerged during the inter-War years, as nationalism, fascism and communism gripped the European continent. While scholars have recognized the importance of war and the arrival of intolerant regimes in the construction and expulsion of refugees, less attention has focused upon the consequences of imperial collapse. All of the major Empires (broadly interpreted) which ended during the twentieth century, led to successor states which developed new forms of exclusivist national ideologies which identified, and often expelled, sectors of their populations, which did not possess the right ethnic credentials. This process first manifested itself with the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, where successor states in the Balkans ?exchanged? populations in the era of the First World War, while the newly nationalist rump Turkey eliminated its Armenian and Greek populations. At the same time, the collapse of the Tsarist Empire also led to mass population displacement. At the end of the Second World War, the fall of the Nazi Empire in Eastern Europe resulted in the expulsion of Germans who had lived in Eastern Europe for centuries, while people who found themselves working in Germany either returned home or sometimes lived in refugee camps for years. The end of the British and French colonial Empires was also accompanied by population ?exchanges? and expulsions, especially in the case of India/Pakistan and Algeria, but also in smaller colonies such as Cyprus. In the case of the last of these, refugees emerged over a decade after British retreat. Finally, the end of the Soviet Union and the emergence of successor states with nationalist ideologies led to the creation of new outgroups. The purpose of the conference is to examine the relationship between imperial collapse, the emergence of successor nationalism, the exclusion of ethnic groups with the wrong credentials, and the refugee experience. The conference organizers welcome proposals which look at these themes in all of the major cases of twentieth century imperial collapse. Themes of particular interest include: the role of empire in creating distinct ethnic populations; the emergence of exclusivist nationalist ideologies and their views of minorities; the attitude and role of successor states in the creation of refugees; and the refugee experience. Proposals Please send abstracts of around 250 words to Panikos Panayi or Pippa Virdee, by 30 November 2006. The organizers hope to offer a small number of subsidised places to doctoral students.

Date and Venue 29-30 June 2007 at De Montfort University, Leicester, UK

Contact Professor Panikos Panayi, School of English, Performance and Historical Studies, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH ppanayi@dmu.ac.uk

KJ