From the Bookshelves: Earned Citizenship by Michael J. Sullivan

Earned Citizenship by Michael J. Sullivan (Oxford University Press, April 16, 2019)

The migration and settlement of 11 million unauthorized immigrants is among the leading political challenges facing the United States today. The majority of unauthorized immigrants in the U.S. have been here for more than five years, and are settling into American communities, working, forming families, and serving in the military, even though they may be detained and deported if they are discovered. An open question remains as to what to do about unauthorized immigrants who are already living in the United States. On one hand it is important that the government sends a message that future violations of immigration law will not be tolerated. On the other sits a deeper ethical dilemma that is the focus of this book: what do the state and citizens owe to unauthorized immigrants who have served their adopted country?

Earned Citizenship argues that long-term unauthorized immigrant residents should be able to earn legalization and a pathway to citizenship through service in their adopted communities. Their service would act as restitution for immigration law violations. Military service in particular would merit naturalization in countries with a strong citizen-soldier tradition, including the United States. The book also considers the civic value of caregiving as a service to citizens and the country, contending that family immigration policies should be expanded to recognize the importance of caregiving duties for dependents. This argument is part of a broader project in political theory and public policy aimed at reconciling civic republicanism with a feminist ethic of care, and its emphasis on dependency work. As a whole, Earned Citizenship provides a non-humanitarian justification for legalizing unauthorized immigrants based on their contributions to citizens and institutions in their adopted nation.

Margaret Stock says the following about Earned Citizenship:

“A thoughtful and erudite analysis, Earned Citizenship is the first scholarly work to examine directly the assumptions behind recent US proposals to allow irregular migrants to earn their citizenship through military and other civic service. Most Americans applaud the idea of citizenship in exchange for public (and especially military) service, but until Michael Sullivan, no one has thoroughly examined the philosophical basis for such views. This book is a thought-provoking contribution to the current debate over the reciprocal obligations between American citizens and the millions of long-term undocumented immigrants living in the United States today who seek to earn American citizenship.”

KJ